The fruit was introduced into China by the ancient Silk Road

Say that the most beautiful autumn, the ancient Silk Road in the beautiful autumn! "The Belt and Road, high spirited in transit trip for just entering the territory of Gansu, I fully felt the beauty: from Maiji walnut to Hami melon, to Turpan grapes...... Everywhere melon fragrance. However, many fruits such as grapes, pomegranates, figs, apples, walnuts, almond, pistachio, olive and quince, are introduced into the mainland from West Asia, Central Asia and Xinjiang, Gansu area through the ancient Silk Road, the three fruit grape, pomegranate, apple is regarded as the ancient road the silk "".
Grapes originating in the Black Sea and Mediterranean coast
Sima Qian, "historical records": "Han to take" in fact, "so the emperor began to grow alfalfa, pottery, fertilizer, land.""
Turpan grapes ripen, Anaerhan heart drunk......" As soon as you hear the song, you'll think of Xinjiang, Turpan, the grape growing ditch. In fact, there were no grapes in Turpan. The grapes were imported through the ancient Silk road.
The fruit of the fruit effect, edible value and growth environment was first seen in "Shen Nong's herbal classic", "Pu Tao writing", as a "vegetable department first" top grade "Pu Tao, sweet. Your bones and dampness, Qi times strong ambition, a fat health, hunger and cold tolerance. Long food Qingshenjianfei not old sickness. Serve as wine. Green valley."
In addition to the "Pu Tao", also writing "apple", Chinese medicine called "grass dragon", and "monthly vine" and "give purple cherry" call. Although grapes are grown in all parts of China now, the native land is on the Black Sea and Mediterranean coast, and is called "European grape" in botany". The initial spread to Egypt, about five thousand or six thousand years ago in Egypt, Syria, Iran, Iraq, South Caucasus and Central Asia and other places of planting.
Archaeological discoveries in the Eighteenth Dynasty of ancient Egypt Tutt Moss IV (1397 BC to 1387) has been the grape harvest scene, Nubian slaves picking grapes and wine in the tomb murals in present-day Iran; the ruins of the ancient city of Nineveh has also unearthed a piece made in 645 BC "Wang Yuanzhong stone, Assyrian banquet" the relief has grapes.
The earliest grape planting in China dates from the reign of Emperor Wudi of the Han Dynasty. It was brought back by Zhang Qian who was sent to the western regions and took the lead in opening up the silk road. There is also a saying that the grapes of Xinjiang should be introduced before Zhang Qian's mission to the western regions, and then from Xinjiang to Gansu, Shaanxi, and all china. Sima Qian in the Western Han Dynasty had been recorded clearly in the "historical records", "ancient grapes are introduced from Central Asia Dawan country". "There is such a saying:" the Dawan biography "about pottery wine to Po wan...... Horse alfalfa. The Chinese made the choice, and the emperor began to grow alfalfa, herbs and herbs." At that time, the Han Dynasty palace garden next to the backyard don't "do a PU Tao, alfalfa, anxious."
In the Assyrian language of Western Asia, the grape is called Karanu, meaning "the tree of life drink"". Why do Chinese people call this kind of fruit "grape"? There is a view that is the language from grape B transliteration to do -daw, some scholars think that the ancient Greek translation of the speech.
The grape was regarded as the gift of "fruit", "Tang Dynasty poet Liu Yuxi and Xie Taiyuan Li Shizhong send Linghu Messire" poem said: "apple fruit from the root to the north western regions, shift. This year with the Chinese make today, send you. Is a trip to Taiwan to Qi Fang, Zhang xi. Scales with Su run, Ma milk belt residual cream......"

In the introduction of grapes at the same time, wine brewing method also passed. The Tang Dynasty Wine has become the ultra soft drinks, John poet Wang wrote in "Liangzhou word": "wine glowing in the luminous jade cups, to drink immediately Pipa reminder. Zuiwo battlefield Jun Mo laugh, a few people back to the ancient battle."

The name of origin "at China due to pomegranate"
Lu Ji and "brother cloud book": "Han, Zhang Qian, the western regions have to Tu Lin, an pomegranate also"
"Pomegranate wine, grape syrup.". Lan Guifang, dogwood......" From the Tang Dynasty Qiao Zhizhi's "female" and lyrics, pomegranate and grape, is the Tang Dynasty people in the eyes of the fruit, but the word "pomegranate" appears to be later, people first called out in the Tang dynasty. According to Tang Cheng "Youyang miscellany": "a sweet pomegranate dannok, called pulp day...... A large, not from the tribute pomegranate, who weighs five or six pounds." Another: "Fengdu inana rethinking, the garnet grains such as rice, slightly larger, such as Wei ling." Earlier, the ancients said more than "pomegranate" as an "pomegranate."". To the Ming Dynasty, pomegranate called more, Ming Wang Xiangjin "florilegium" said: "the pomegranate, a Ruoliu, a dannok, a Gold Vase, a gold Pang, from a pulp."
China pomegranate and grape cultivation history, also has about 2000 years, but the Iran native Persian pomegranate, West Asia, Iraq and Afghanistan and Central Asia are rich in pomegranate, called "lotus". Pomegranate has been cultivated in prehistoric times in Iran, and it is not late in Iraq. There are exquisite pomegranate designs unearthed over 4000 years ago in the crown.
How was pomegranate introduced into China? Also through the ancient Silk road. Jin Lu "and" cloud brother said: "Zhang Qian for eighteen years to make Chinese foreign, Turing, pomegranate also." Jin Wei Jia Sixie Bian agricultural book "Minshu" when quoting this statement lu. In addition, "beginners mind" "pomegranate" Jin Zhang Hua cited the "natural history" written said: "Han Zhang Qian to the western regions, need to apply to a forest at eclogite."
"Tu Lin" is another name for pomegranate. Some people think it is a transliteration of the place name tourla, and some people call it "the transliteration of grape Sanskrit Darin". "At one point, according to the" northern history "that is located in the territory of the Buick" Anguo hasa Stan "and" Shi "collectively, the estate of pomegranate; another view is that" China is at Ashmore "or" is an important country in the ancient Silk Road, which is now in Iran. "That is," florilegium "hold this view:" the Turing at China, Han Zhang Qian to the western regions with the return, named anshiliu."
The path of pomegranate to China was introduced from Central Asia till now. Xinjiang was introduced into Shaanxi during the Western Han Dynasty, and then spread all over china. Some scholars believe that the pomegranate was first spread to India from Iran, from India to Tibet, China, and then to Northwest China and the whole country, and then to japan.
Pomegranate was introduced into China and became very popular. It became a valuable fruit quickly. The Western Jin Dynasty Pan Yue "pomegranate" Fu said: "Durian, a strange world of fruit tree, kyushu." The Western Han Dynasty Royal Shanglinyuan planting fruit has a variety of exotic pomegranate, "notes Xijing" records: "the early repair Shanglinyuan, each offering different tree fruit ministers from afar...... Ten strains of Han - Fiona pomegranate." The Tang Dynasty poet Li Shangyin said: "poetry" Mao Ling "Han Ma Po a shoot, when times in alfalfa."
The ancient Silk Road brought in a variety of fruits, but also brought its customs and culture. In Islam, "the Koran" classic, pomegranate and introduced the same through the Silk Road of a fig, olive is called "heaven shengguo". Central Asia has a custom, married bride from her family to carry a pomegranate, pomegranate and hit the ground after the wedding, and then from the inside out how much the number of pomegranate seeds, divination of marriage can give birth many children, China marriage "pomegranate" auspicious culture is the culture of the central stone eclogite rheology.
Apple says "Pinpo" call originating from Iran.
Wang Xiangjin "florilegium": "apple out of the north, Zhao Zheyou, Yan Jia, the body of mallus doumeri"
Among the fruits planted in the hinterland of China by means of the ancient Silk Road, apple is the most widely cultivated and widely used as the main consumer fruit. Whether Apple is native to Western China (or western regions) or from Central Asia to China has long been controversial, but there is no "apple" before the Ming Dynasty. The law is an indisputable fact.
The Ming Dynasty first wrote "apple" apple". Ming Wang Xiangjin "florilegium" records: "apple out of the north, Zhao Zheyou, Yan Jia, the body of mallus doumeri. With a straight trunk, like Ye Qing and ringo. Fruit as pear and smooth, green, cooked is half red and half white, or red, smooth and lovely play, fragrant smell, taste a few steps, gansong. Immature food such as cotton, cooked food and sand dilapidated, but the most beautiful eight or nine cooked." The apple described here is apple. In the "apple" name does not appear before, Apple has been known as the "NaI (n, I), elopes with Zhuo Wenjun of the Western Han Dynasty scholar Sima Xiangru" Shanglin Fu "said:" ting Nai officinalis, Ying jujube red bayberry, cherry Tao po." The "Nai Ting", respectively, wild pear and apple in the two kinds of fruit.
Early apple production is not the Central Plains, "Jin Guo Yigong" records: "Nai Guangzhi, white, red, green three, Zhangye white Nai, Jiuquan Chek Nai Nai, Western cases, a preserved, Shushibai Hu accumulation, such as jujube chestnut...... Called "Pinpo grain."." Shicheng "Youyang miscellany" also known as the Tang period:"...... White Nai, Liangzhou (now Gansu Wuwei) wild boar Ze, as big as tutou."
Nai has been cultivated in the Han dynasty. From the "written" Guang Zhi, Zhangye, Jiuquan, the Han and Jin Dynasties in Hexi area not only planting apple, and apple has deep processing, the ancients called Apple products as "Pinpo grain". But it is worth noting that Nai introduced in the Central Plains, planting technology also has a new breakthrough, appeared with Ringo wood grafting technology.
"Pinpo" is another ancient name of apple, "florilegium" said: "Nai, a Pinpo, and Lin Qinyi and the two, although the most abundant West Jiangnan." Since the "Nai", why the ancients called "Pinpo"? There are scholars, "Pinpo" two words from the Iran word SAB s f, and the. If this view is established, it can be proved that apples, like grapes and pomegranates, should be imported from Central Asia and the ancient Silk Road in the Western Han dynasty. People in the Ming Dynasty 's "apple" should be, "Pinpo" falsely, or "Pinpo fruit" referred to. To the Qing Dynasty, "apple" it is quite extensive, Qing Wu Qijun in "the plant is a map test," Changbian said: "Nai, the frequency of fruit...... Ringo is shaguo." As for writing "apple" now, it is simplified.
That is, the apple varieties and the common market said that Pinpo Nai, there is a difference, Pinpo is a woolly apple. However, the common apple varieties on the market are not native to China. They were introduced from Europe, America and Japan in modern times. They can be regarded as the fruits of the exchange of new silk road.